ABSTRACT
From the perspective of market classification of Cnidii Fructus, this paper revealed the scientific connotation of evaluating the quality grade of Cnidii Fructus by its appearance traits. Thirty batches of Cnidii Fructus in different grades were selected as the research objects. The canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to explore the measurement values of 15 appearance traits and intrinsic content indexes. The results of correlation analysis showed that except the aspect ratio, the 5 appearance trait indexes(length, width, 1 000-grain weight, broken grain weight proportion, and chroma) and 9 internal content indexes(the content of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, osthole, imperatorin, 5-methoxy psoralen, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin, and xanthotol) showed significant correlation to varying degrees. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the first typical variable U_1 composed of appearance traits and the first typical variable V_1 composed of internal content indexes(CR_1=0.963, P<0.01). The results of PCA showed that the classification results of appearance traits for 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were consistent with the actual information of the samples. Under the same analysis conditions, 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were reclassified by 9 groups of internal content indexes, and the analysis results were consistent. From the classification standard of the appearance traits of the system study, the statistical results of 6 appearance traits of Cnidii Fructus showed a correlation with grades. There was a good correlation between the appearance and the internal content of Cnidii Fructus, and the appearance quality effectively predicted the level of the internal content. There is a certain scientific basis for the quality classification of Cnidii Fructus by main appearance traits. Appearance classification can replace quality grading to realize the "quality evaluation through morphological identification" of Cnidii Fructus.
Subject(s)
Fruit , Phenotype , Principal Component Analysis , Population GroupsABSTRACT
In this paper， through consulting relevant records in materia medica， medical and prescription books， and combining with modern literature， the name， origin， producing area， collection and processing of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix in famous classical formulas from The Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas （The First Batch） was systematically sorted out and textual research was carried out， in order to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing Gentianae macrophyllae Radix. After textual research， it was found that Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was the rectification of name in the past dynasties. In addition， there were other names such as Qinjiao， Qingua and Qinzhua. Gentiana macrophylla， G. straminea， G. dahurica and G. siphonantha were the main origin of this herb in ancient literature. Among them， G. macrophylla is the mainstream. In the Southern and Northern dynasties， G. straminea and G. macrophylla produced in northern Sichuan were recommended as the best. In the early Tang dynasty， G. macrophylla from the Liupan Mountain area at the border of Shanxi and Gansu provinces was the mainstream. During the Northern Song dynasty， G. siphonantha from Linxia and Qilian Mountain of Gansu province and G. macrophylla from eastern Shaanxi province were two new producing areas. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， the abundant base and production areas of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix were gradually formed. In the past dynasties， harvesting was carried out in spring and autumn， and stored mainly by aeration drying or shade drying treatment. The processing methods are mainly the raw products after the net selection， cutting and drying， in addition to the frying， processing with wine and milk. G. macrophylla is recommended as the first choice for the herbal medicine involved in the famous classical formulas. Among them， wild products produced in Gansu and Shaanxi are the best， and raw products are recommended to be used. At the same time， it is suggested that G. siphonantha should be added to the subsequent edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as one of origins of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.